Regarding the square root of n

Have you ever caught yourself (assuming you like maths) proving that numbers like √ 2  or √ 5  etc. are irrationals. Here is, more or less, a general statement with the proof.

For ∀n ∈ N (natural numbers), either √ n  ∈ N or √ n  ∈ I (irrational numbers, i.e. real numbers minus rational numbers).

There are two possible cases:

1. If n = p², p ∈ N ⇒ √ n  = p ∈ N

2. If n ≠ p² or there is no such a p ∈ N that would satisfy n = p², then √ n  is irrational.

Let's suppose the contrary, i.e. there ∃p,q ∈ N and (p,q) = 1 (greatest common divisor) so that
.
This means that n·q² = p². From (p,q) = 1 ⇒ (p²,q²) = 1.

From the Bézout’s theorem, there ∃z,t ∈ Z (integers) so that
z·p² + t·q² = 1 ⇔ z·n·q² + t·q² = 1 ⇔
q²·(z·n + t) = 1
which means q² divides 1, but this is possible only if q = 1. As a result n = p² - contradiction with our initial assumption.

This proves the statement.